Cervical lordosis is secondary to the relative increased disc height anteriorly versus posteriorly. The overall sagittal alignment of the native cervical spine is that of lordosis. Biomechanical studies determine that the cervical spine is capable of nearly 90° of flexion and lateral rotation, 70° of extension, and 20°–45° of lateral bending. The cervical spine is composed of 7 vertebrae that function to provide motion in 6 planes: flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. With progressive cervical malalignment, additional impairments can occur including problems with horizontal gaze, cough, swallowing and respiration. The presentation of symptomatic cervical kyphosis typically includes neck pain however, severe deformity resulting in spinal cord or nerve compression can lead to myelopathy and/or radiculopathy. Cervical kyphosis can occur secondary to various underlying etiologies including: advanced degenerative disease, iatrogenic, trauma, neoplasm, infection, and systemic arthritides (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis). Conversely, cervical spinal deformity, most commonly kyphosis, can have a profoundly negative impact on an individual’s quality of life. Appropriate cervical spinal alignment is critical to these functions as they relate to nearly all aspects of activities of daily living. The cervical spine functions to bear the axial load of the head, optimize forward gaze in an erect posture, maintain physiologic head and neck movement, and to support and protect vital neurovascular structures. Keywords: Kyphosis, Osteotomy, Spinal fusion, Cervical spine, Cervical deformity, Corpectomy This review of cervical deformity treatment provides an overview of the biomechanics of cervical kyphosis, radiographic classification, algorithm-based management, surgical techniques, and current surgical outcome studies. Preoperative characterization of cervical malalignment, assessment of deformity rigidity, and defining postoperative clinical and radiographic objectives are paramount to formulating a surgical plan that balances clinical benefit with morbidity. Choosing the optimal strategy is predicated on a fundamental understanding of spine biomechanics. There are various operative approaches and deformity correction techniques. Surgical correction of cervical kyphosis has the potential to halt progression of neurological and clinical deterioration and even restore function. >2.5-3.Cervical kyphotic deformity can be a debilitating condition with symptoms ranging from mechanical neck pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy to impaired swallowing and horizontal gaze.part of a secondary survey or under the guidance of an authorized physician ensure this radiographic series is safe to perform, i.e.patients who feel unstable on their feet can sit in a chair for this examination.ensure the patient is aware when the examination is over as to avoid extended periods of time in that position.demonstrate to the patient what flexion and extension is before performing.extension images should demonstrate crowding of the spinous process.flexion images should demonstrate well separated spinous process. ![]() ![]() ![]()
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